To pass an encrypted message from one person to another, it is first necessary that both parties have the 'key' for the cipher, so that the sender may encrypt it and the receiver may decrypt it. The Caesar cipher offers essentially no communication security, and it will be shown that it can be easily broken even by hand. The widely known ROT13 'encryption' is simply a Caesar cipher with an offset of 13. More complex encryption schemes such as the Vigenère cipher employ the Caesar cipher as one element of the encryption process. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who apparently used it to communicate with his generals. For example, with a shift of 1, A would be replaced by B, B would become C, and so on. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is 'shifted' a certain number of places down the alphabet. The Caesar cipher is one of the earliest known and simplest ciphers.
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